Replying to [David Frencken]:
There is not much you can do if the goods are not up to spec as applicant bank deal with beneficiary bank only on paper work. If your suppliers do not want to accept their reject there is nothing you can do but to pay. You can try to bring the matter to international court but it is going to be very messy and costly.
All you can do is to do all the prevention before the money is paid, such as visiting the factory or ask a QC company to check the goods, from my experience to put in the L/C’s additional condition that third party inspection certificate by the inspection company’s name is required. Since the third party deal with you directly if the goods are not up to spec they’ll inform you immediately. If they don’t issue the inspection certificate they the seller cannot fulfill the L/C condition, then you can reject or cancel the L/C.
Remember to inform your bank if the goods is failed as the seller might attach a fake cert and your bank might just release the payment. Always assume that the supplier will make mistakes and produce rejects in the initial stage and take every precaution against it. That is the only way, never trust a supplier which has not been proven.